Search results for "Symbiose mycorhizienne"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Transcriptome analysis of the Populus trichocarpa–Rhizophagus irregularis Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Regulation of Plant and Fungal Transportomes under N…
2017
Nutrient transfer is a key feature of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Valuable mineral nutrients are transferred from the AM fungus to the plant, increasing its fitness and productivity, and, in exchange, the AM fungus receives carbohydrates as an energy source from the plant. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of the Populus trichocarpa-Rhizophagus irregularis symbiosis using RNA-sequencing of non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal fine roots, with a focus on the effect of nitrogen (N) starvation. In R. irregularis, we identified 1,015 differentially expressed genes, whereby N starvation led to a general induction of gene expression. Genes of the functional classes of cell growth, memb…
Molecular community and population studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota)
2014
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, which appeared at the same time as land plants, 460 million years ago, is a mutualistic beneficial association between most land plants, including those cultivated, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF, from the Glomeromycota phylum, are widespread soil microorganisms needing a photosynthetic host to complete their life cycle (obligate symbionts). The great potential of plant mineral nutrition improvement and crop production increased during this symbiosis, make AMF an asset in the context of an increase in the demand of world food crop production. The control of that symbiosis by ecology engineering in order to improve ecosystem services, especi…
Technical improvements for analysis of recalcitrant proteins by LC-MS : the myccorhiza responsive membrane proteome as a case study
2012
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are widespread symbiotic associations between plant roots and AM fungi. Deep membrane alterations are the foremost morphological changes occurring in the host plant in response to AM symbiosis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is the workhorse method in AM proteomics. Membrane proteins are under-represented in 2-DE because of their hydrophobicity, low abundance, and precipitation at their isoelectric point, thereby few are the identified membrane proteins involved in sustaining the AM symbiosis. Membrane proteomics is still challenging due to 2-DE related shortcomings, however latest trends and advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative p…
The impact of the cultivation practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis mechanism in a walnut tree - corn agroforestry system
2021
The English walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the main species cultivated for the production of edible nuts. Owing to a sparse canopy and a deep rooting system, walnut is an ideal species for alley cropping, an agroforestry practice able to enhance productivity through interplant facilitative mechanisms. Walnut agroforestry requires the large scale production of seedling rootstocks selected to provide the best anchorage, vigour, and tolerance of pathogens. Due to the heterozygosity of walnut, the characteristics of agronomical interest of the chosen cultivar are not inherited via seed propagation. In vitro plant tissue culture thus plays a key role in mass propagation of high-quality walnut root…
Services écosystémiques rendus par la symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscule au vignoble
2021
National audience; Qu’appelle-t-on symbiose mycorhizienne ?Le sol est un milieu vivant puisque dans quelques grammes de terre fine se trouvent environ 200 milliards de bactéries, 100 km de filaments de champignons et 200 000 insectes, vers et protozoaires (figure 1). Cette vie souterraine va partager son habitat (le sol) avec les ceps de vigne. Ce fameux « vivre ensemble » est alors défini par le terme « symbiose » (du grec syn : ensemble ; et bios : vivre). Cette définition ne fait pas de distinction vis-à-vis des modalités d’interaction qui peuvent s’établir entre les deux organismes impliqués. Ainsi, des interactions neutres, ou encore du véritable parasitisme, pour lequel un partenaire …
La microdissection laser: une technique d’analyse du profil d’expression génique et protéique des types cellulaires spécifiques de la symbiose mycorh…
2012
RPB1 as a marker gene to analyze communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota)
2014
The influence of agricultural practice on the diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) continues to be an important research question as these mutualistic symbionts are known to improve plant growth and soil quality. To this day, studies of community diversity in AMF have exclusively been based on nuclear ribosomal gene regions, such as the small and large subunits and the ITS region. In the Glomeromycota, these regions show high intra-organism polymorphism, which can seriously complicate interpretation of diversity data. We chose the rpb1 gene as an alternative marker as this putative single-copy gene has been shown to be monomorphic within fungal isolates but shows a…
Technical improvements for analysis of recalcitrant proteins by LC-MS : the mycorrhiza responsive membrane proteome as a case study
2012
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are widespread symbiotic associations between plant roots and AM fungi. Deep membrane alterations are the foremost morphological changes occurring in the host plant in response to AM symbiosis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is the workhorse method in AM proteomics. Membrane proteins are under-represented in 2-DE because of their hydrophobicity, low abundance, and precipitation at their isoelectric point, thereby few are the identified membrane proteins involved in sustaining the AM symbiosis. Membrane proteomics is still challenging due to 2-DE related shortcomings, however latest trends and advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative p…
Nutrition et protection de la vigne par la symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscule
2021
National audience; La vigne, comme la majorité des espèces de plante d’intérêt agronomique, forme une symbiosemutualiste avec les Champignons Mycorhiziens à Arbuscules (CMA). En contrepartie deproduits issus de la photosynthèse, les CMA soutiennent leur(s) plante(s) hôte(s) dansl’acquisition de nutriments et la lutte contre leur(s) pathogène(s). En tant que biofertilisants, cessymbiontes obligatoires représentent une alternative de choix à l’égard des pratiques agricolesconventionnelles pour le développement d’une agriculture, et notamment d’une viticulturedurable. Les échanges entre les deux partenaires sont permis par la mise en place de structuresfongiques spécialisées appelées arbuscule…